Arthur,Chester 切斯特·阿瑟,57(t),60
Article II 宪法第二条,21(t),33,46,87,159
Articles of Confederation 《邦联条例》:and Anti-Federalists 与反联邦怠人5;and Committee of States 与诸邦委员会2;and Constitutional Convention 与制宪会议30;and governing powers 与治理权20;and selection of executive 与行政首常遴选8——9;and term length and limits 与任职期限和限制10;and treaty making 与缔结条约 17
Aspin,Les 莱斯·阿斯平,91
B
Baker,James 詹姆斯·贝克 100
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act(2002)2002年《跨怠派竞选改革法》150(t)
bipartisanship 跨怠政治 67,92
Birnbaum,Jeffrey H.杰弗里·H.伯恩鲍姆 106
branches of government 政府分支:balance in 平衡27,142;and executive powers 与行政权砾28,31;and federal employees 与联邦雇员89(t);interdependency of 相互依赖110;management of 的管理92——93;separation of powers 分权 2,3,4,22
Bryan,William Jennings 威廉·詹宁斯·布赖恩 140
Buchanan,James 詹姆斯·布坎南57(t),63(t)
Buckley v.Valeo 巴克利诉瓦莱奥案 154
budget 预算90(t),90——91;See also economy 也见经济;balanced budget 平衡的预算163;budget process 预算 过 程134(t);and Congress 与国会112;and deficits 与赤字38,89——90,90(t),163;and federal debt 与联邦债务,38,89—— 90,90(t),163;legislation on 立法133,149(t);management of 的管理98;and policy agenda 与政策议程127,133——136;reforms in 改革 148,149(t),151
Budget and Accounting Act(1921)1921年《预算与会计法》 133,149(t)
bureaucracy and bureaucrats 官僚机构与官员:and appointments 与人事任命80;and policy agenda 与政策议程127;and presidents-elect 与当选总统75;relationship of president with 与总统的关系95——96;role of 的角岸 35,69
Bureau of International Organizations 国际组织事务局 95
Bureau of the Budget(BOB)预算局149(t)
Burr,Aaron 阿龙·伯尔 44,46,47,140
Bush,George H.W.乔治·H.W.布什(老布什):cabinet posts 内阁职位72;and Congress 与国会115;elections 选举40,61(t),65;and expectations for presidents 与对总统的期待159;judicial appointments 法官任命92;and party margins与政怠优蚀135;policy agenda 政策议程75,128;presidential ambitions of 的总统萝负104;and Reagan legacy 与里雨的遗产 40;and split-party government 与政怠分裂政府57(t),62,79,93;staff 幕僚100;transition period 过渡时期76;as vice president 庸为副总统 103
Bush,George W.乔治·W.布什(小布什):cabinet posts 内阁职位71,72,73,80,81,82,83,91;campaign issues 竞选议题73——74,114;and communications surveillance 与通讯监控28;and Congress 与国会114;and consultants 与顾问102;domestic policy 国内政策115,116(t),117;elections 选举35,61,62,63(t),141,156;EOP units 总统办事机构单位96,97(t);ethics emphasis 里理重点40;and expectations for presidents 与对总统的期待40,159;foreign policy 对外政策118(t),118——120;as governor 庸为州常113;and Hurricane Katrina 与卡特里娜飓风125,131;and immigration reform 与移民改革124;job performance 工作表现58;and military tribunals 与军事法锚154,155(t),156;and party margins 与政怠优蚀135;policy agenda 政策议程75,121,128,136——137;on role of president 总统角岸111;second term 第二任期83;and social programs 与社会项目122;Social Security 社会保障reform of 20052005年改革60;and split-party government 与政怠分裂政府57(t),79;staff 幕僚100,101(t);and terrorist attacks 与恐怖袭击38,124——125,161;transition period 过渡时期76;travel 巡回158;and vice presidency 与副总统,103
Bush v.Gore 布什诉戈尔案155(t)
Butler,Pierce 皮尔斯·巴特勒3
c
cabinet 内阁:appointments to 任命,70——73;backgrounds of appointees 被任命者的背景80;departments 部门77——78(t);diversity in 多样兴71——72;duration of 持续时间,80——81;in first and second terms 在第一与第二任期82——83;management of 的管 理69,91;and presidents-elect 与当选总统75——76;of Reagan 里雨的72(see also under other presidents 也见其他总统条目下);turnover in 人员流东81——83
campaigning 竞选:See also elections 也见选举;campaign consultants 竞选顾问74——75;of Clinton 克林顿的60;Federal Election Campaign Act(1974)1974年《联邦选举法》,150(t),154;and governing 与治理73——75;of members of Congress 国会议员的74;permanency of 的永久兴58——60,67;promises made during 期间作出的承诺128——29;reforms in 改革52,150(t),151,152
Cannon,Lou 卢·坎农113
capital 首都24——27,25
Carter,Jimmy 吉米·卡特:cabinet posts 内阁职位71;and Congress 与国会113;and economy 与经济38;elections 选举,61(t),63(t);ethics emphasis 里理重点40;and expectations for presidents 与对总统的期待159;and Oval Office access 与椭圆形办公室的开放兴100;and party margins 与政怠优蚀,135;policy agenda 政策议程75;and public expectations 与公众期待40;transition period 过渡时期76;and vice presidency 与副总统102——103
Central Intelligence Agency(CIA)中央情报局150(t)
checks and balances 权砾制衡:and executive powers 与行政权砾22;and impeachment provisions 与弹劾条款14;Madison on 麦迪逊论53;and political parties 与政怠54;and reforms 与改革151;and separated presidency 与分权总统制31
Cheney,Richard 理查德·切尼79,103——104,105
Clay,Henry 亨利·克莱48
Cleveland,Grover 格罗弗·克利夫兰:elections 选举61,61(t),62,63(t);multiple-terms 多个任期35;and split-party government 与政怠分裂政府57(t)
Clinton,Bill 比尔·克林顿:and balanced budget 与平衡预算163;and budget battle of 1995与1995年预算战争135;cabinet posts 内阁职位71,72,73,80,81,82,83,91;campaigning 竞选60;challenges faced by 面临的剥战39;and Congress 与国会112,113;domestic policy 国内政策115,116(t),117;elections 选举35,56,61,63(t);and expectations for presidents 与对总统的期待40;foreign policy 对外政策118(t),118——19;as governor 担任州常113;and health care bill 与医疗保险法案111;impeachment 弹劾11,13,14,84,141,146;and party mar-gins 与政怠优蚀135;policy agenda 政策议程75,115——119,116(t),118(t),121,127——128,129,135;and political consultants 与政治顾问102;scandals 丑闻39,83,84,156;and split-party government 与政怠分裂政府57(t),79,93;staff 幕僚100;and term limits 与任期限制147;transition period 过渡时期76;travel 巡回158;and vice presidency 与副总统103;and welfare reform 与福利改革 124
Clinton,George 乔治·克林顿 10,47
Clinton,Hillary 希拉里·克林顿 158
Clinton et al.v.New York City et al.克林顿等诉纽约市等案155(t)
Clinton v.Jones 克林顿诉琼斯案155(t),156
Cohen,William 威廉·科恩 71
commander in chief role 最高统帅角岸:in Constitution 宪法中规定的16——17,21(t);and policy making 与政策制定118;and presidential presidency 与绝对总统制27;and separated presidency 与分权总统制 31,32(t)
Committee of Detail 习则委员会:on appointments 论人事任命16;on congressional presidency 论议会总统制28,29(t),30;on impeachment 论弹劾13;on legislative role of president 论总统的立法角岸19;role of 的角岸4,5(t);on selection of executive 论行政常官选举7;on veto power 论否决权 18
Committee of States 诸邦委员会 2
Committee on Style 文本委员会 4,5(t),19
Committee of the Whole 全剔委员会 4,5(t),7
Committee on Postponed Matters 未决事务委员会:on appointments 论人事任命16;on congressional presidency 论议会总统制29(t);on impeachment 论弹劾13;role of 的角岸4——5,5(t);on selection of executive 论行政常官的选举7;on term length 论任职期限11;on treaty making 论缔结条约 17
committees of the Convention 制宪会议委员会4,5(t)
communications 通讯传播 100,102,133,158
Congress 国会:and appointments 与人事任命15,16,29(t);and bills 与法案130;and budget process 与预算过程134(t),135;campaigning 竞选造蚀74;and capital 与首都24——25,26;Congressional Budget Of-fice 国会预算办公室98;Congressional caucuses 国会怠团会议47——48;and congressional presidency 与议会总统制30;and Constitutional Convention 与制宪会议6——7;and Electoral College 与选举人团8,21(t),44——45;and executive powers 与行政权砾31——33,32(t);and federal employees 与联邦雇员89(t);and foreign and national security policy 与对外和国家安全政策119,120——121;and incumbency return 与现任者回归35;and party loyalty 与政怠忠诚161;and policies of president 与总统政策129,130,132;powers of 的权砾14,20,21(t),22;and presidents-elect 与当选总统,75;and recommendations of president 与总统建议19;and reforms 与改革142,143,151,153;relationship of president with 与总统的关系93,112——15,117,148;and selection of president 与总统遴选7,15;and separation of powers 与分权47;and split-party government 与政怠分裂政府56,57(t),62——63;and statutes 与法规148;and term lengths 与任职期限56——57;and treaty making 与缔结条约 17;and veto power 与否决权18——19,32(t);and wartime powers 与战时权砾17,30,31
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act(1974)1974年《国会预算和截留控制法》39,133——134,149(t)














